abstract：:During nervous system development stem cell daughters must exit the proliferative cycle to adopt specific neural and glial fates and they must do so in the correct positions. Cell proliferation in the central nervous system occurs in neuroepithelia such as the neural retina and the ventricular zones. As cells are assi...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Jones C,Moses K

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Controlling gene expression is one of the most fundamental task of living organisms, from prokaryotes to higher eukaryotes, in order to develop, grow, and reproduce in an ever changing environment. In many cases, the expression status of a given gene is controlled independently of that of its neighbours through locali...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Rougeulle C,Avner P

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Conrad Waddington published an influential model for evolution in his 1942 paper, Canalization of Development and Inheritance of Acquired Characters. In this classic, albeit controversial, paper, he proposed that an unknown mechanism exists that conceals phenotypic variation until the organism is stressed. Recent stud...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Ruden DM,Garfinkel MD,Sollars VE,Lu X

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The urinary collecting system is derived from an epithelial protrusion arising from the Wolffian duct called the ureteric bud (UB) by the signal from its inductive tissue, metanephric mesenchyme (MM). Targeted gene mutation studies have shown that several transcription factors and MM-secreted glial cell line-derived n...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Sakurai H

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neural stem cells (NSCs) are subscribed extraordinary potential in repair of the damaged nervous system. However, the molecular identity of NSCs has not been established. Most NSC cultures contain large numbers of multipotent, bipotent, and lineage restricted neural progenitors, the majority of which appear to lose ne...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Sun YE,Martinowich K,Ge W

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Polycomb group (PcG) proteins play essential roles in animal and plant life cycles by controlling the expression of important developmental regulators. These structurally heterogeneous proteins form multimeric protein complexes that control higher order chromatin structure and, thereby, the expression state of their t...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Reyes JC,Grossniklaus U

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatic oval cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation has been observed under certain physiological conditions, mainly when the proliferation of existing hepatocytes has been inhibited followed by severe hepatic injury. Hepatic oval cells display a distinct phenotype and have been shown to be a bipotential ...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Oh SH,Hatch HM,Petersen BE

更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During vertebrate gastrulation, large cellular rearrangements lead to the formation of the three germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. Zebrafish offer many genetic and experimental advantages for studying vertebrate gastrulation movements. For instance, several mutants, including silberblick, knypek and trilob...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Heisenberg CP,Tada M

更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The extracellular matrix (ECM) consists of a complex mixture of structural and functional proteins and serves an important role in tissue and organ morphogenesis, maintenance of cell and tissue structure and function, and in the host response to injury. Xenogeneic and allogeneic ECM has been used as a bioscaffold for ...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Badylak SF

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are ubiquitous endocytic organelles containing numerous 50-80 nm vesicles. MVBs are very dynamic in shape and function. In antigen presenting cells (APCs), MVBs play a central role in the loading of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) with antigenic peptides. How MHC II is t...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Murk JL,Stoorvogel W,Kleijmeer MJ,Geuze HJ

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Some epithelial cells are polarized along an axis orthogonal to their apical-basal axes. Recent studies in Drosophila lead to the view that three classes of signaling molecules govern the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway. The first class, or module, functions across whole tissues, providing directional information t...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Tree DR,Ma D,Axelrod JD

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cells maintain a cholesterol gradient across the secretory system, with the lowest concentrations in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the highest in the plasma membrane (PM). Cholesterol is also heterogeneously distributed in the endocytic pathway. Little is known about how this heterogeneous distribution of cholest...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Prinz W

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During development, diffusible ligands, known as morphogens, are thought to move across fields of cells, regulating gene expression in a concentration dependent manner. The case for morphogens has been convincingly made for the Decapentapleigic (Dpp), Wingless (Wg) and Hedgehog (Hh) proteins in the Drosophila wing. In...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Cadigan KM

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was originally discovered as an endothelial-specific growth factor. While the predominant role of this growth factor in the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) is unquestioned, recent observations indicate that VEGF also has direct effects on neurons and glial cells,...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Carmeliet P,Storkebaum E

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have successfully produced "Mito-mice" harbouring a pathogenic mtDNA mutation. We generated the mice by introducing mitochondria with a 4696 base-pair mtDNA deletion (Delta mtDNA4696) into mouse embryos. This deletion encompasses nucleotides 7759-12 454 and includes six tRNA genes and seven structural genes. In Mit...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Nakada K,Inoue K,Hayashi JI

更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In eukaryotic cells, the membranes of different intracellular organelles have different lipid composition, and various biomembranes show an asymmetric distribution of lipid types across the membrane bilayer. Membrane lipid organization reflects a dynamic equilibrium of lipids moving across the bilayer in both directio...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Pomorski T,Hrafnsdóttir S,Devaux PF,van Meer G

更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ascidians are urochordates, marine invertebrates with non-feeding motile chordate tadpole larvae, except in the family Molgulidae. Urodele, or tailed, Molgulids have typical ascidian chordate tadpole larvae possessing tails with muscle cells, a notochord, and a dorsal hollow nerve cord. In contrast, anural (or tail-le...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Huber JL,da Silva KB,Bates WR,Swalla BJ

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Phytochromes in harmony with blue light photoreceptors play a major role in controlling plant growth and development from germination to seed maturation. Light absorption by phytochromes triggers a signaling cascade, phototransduction, which culminates in regulated gene expression. A major regulatory step at the cellu...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Nagy F,Kircher S,Schäfer E

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mammalian core binding factor beta (CBFbeta) and Drosophila Brother (Bro) and Big-brother (Bgb) proteins are transcription factors that dimerize with mammalian Runx and Drosophila Runt and Lozenge proteins and augment their DNA binding affinity and transcriptional potency. CBFbeta is essential for development and sust...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Adya N,Castilla LH,Liu PP

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucose-induced insulin secretion is pulsatile. Glucose metabolism generates oscillations in the ATP/ADP ratio which lead to opening and closing of ATP-sensitive K(+)-channels producing subsequent oscillations in membrane potential, cytoplasmic calcium and insulin release. Metabolic signals derived from glucose can al...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Deeney JT,Prentki M,Corkey BE

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The post-translational modification of proteins by covalent attachment of ubiquitin targets these proteins for degradation by the proteasome. An astounding number of proteins are involved in ubiquitination and deubiquitination of proteins. The pathways are combinatorial, and selectivity of proteolysis will depend stro...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Wilkinson KD

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Newly synthesized polypeptide chains must fold and assemble into unique three-dimensional structures in order to become functionally active. In many cases productive folding depends on assistance from molecular chaperones, which act in preventing off-pathway reactions during folding that lead to aggregation. The inher...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Agashe VR,Hartl FU

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an intracellular compartment devoted to the synthesis, segregation and folding of soluble and membrane secretory proteins. Some mutations in these proteins lead to their incorrect or incomplete folding in the ER. The ER has a quality control system which detects misfolded proteins and...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Chevet E,Jakob CA,Thomas DY,Bergeron JJ

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gene duplication events produce both perfect and imperfect copies of genes. Perfect copies are said to be functionally redundant when knockout of one gene produces no 'scoreable', phenotypic effects. Preserving identical, duplicate copies of genes is problematic as all copies are prone to accumulate neutral mutations ...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Krakauer DC,Nowak MA

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There has been widespread speculation regarding the possibility of reprogramming human somatic nuclei by transfer into oocytes. Stem cells derived from such reconstructed embryos could theoretically provide a source of autologous tissue for therapeutic transplantation. However the biological, technical and ethical hur...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Kind A,Colman A

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the development of vertebrate nervous system, distinct classes of motor neurons and interneurons are generated at distinct dorsoventral positions in the ventral neural tube. The differentiation of these neuronal subtypes is directed by the secreted protein Sonic Hedgehog (Shh). Shh acts in a graded manner to es...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Briscoe J,Ericson J

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Modification of histone amino terminal tails by acetylation has long been linked to the transcriptional capacity of genes in chromatin and to various aspects of chromatin dynamics. Over the last few years a flurry of reports have described the purification and identification of a large number of histone acetyltransfer...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Grant PA,Berger SL

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Drosophila heart, also called the dorsal vessel, is a linear tube consisting of two major cell types, namely cardioblasts which serve as cardiomyocytes and pericardial cells which surround its outer surface. This organ is derived from segmental clusters of cells in the dorsal mesoderm during early embryonic develo...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Frasch M

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Analysis of membrane transport in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae continues to provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms that direct endocytic and lysosomal sorting pathways in eukaryotic cells. Recent findings include the identification of two novel endomembrane transport pathways, a Golgi-to-vacuol...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Burd CG,Babst M,Emr SD

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Outlines of the genetic circuitry regulating male gametogenesis in Drosophila have begun to appear. Cessation of mitotic proliferation and onset of the meiotic program is regulated by the bam and bgcn genes acting within male germ cells and a TGF-beta class signaling cascade in surrounding somatic cells. Onset of sper...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Fuller MT

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During eye formation, inductive phenomena occurring between retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) and retina are not well understood. After briefly summarizing the normal development of retina and RPE, we present three-dimensional in vitro models of the chick embryonic retina which allows elucidation of RPE-retina intera...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Layer PG,Rothermel A,Willbold E

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Viruses have evolved strategies to evade immunity mediated by antibody and complement. Herpesviruses and coronaviruses encode IgG Fc binding proteins that inhibit IgG activity, enabling the virus or infected cell to escape antibody attack. Herpesviruses, vaccinia virus and HIV-1 have the capacity to interfere with com...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Lubinski J,Nagashunmugam T,Friedman HM

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Phosphatidylinositols are important in intracellular signaling. In response to extracellular signals, these molecules undergo rapid turnover and generate second messengers including diacylglycerol, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate (PtdIns 3,4P2) and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trispho...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Zhang X,Majerus PW

更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The formation of ovules is a key step in the plant life cycle which alternates between a diploid and haploid generation, the sporophyte and the gametophyte. The transitions between the two generations in the female occur in the ovule, the site of meiosis, female gametogenesis and double fertilization. The intimate ass...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Grossniklaus U,Schneitz K

更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Yeast provides an attractive system in which to study proprotein processing. Many of their processing events are remarkably similar to those in higher eukaryotes and their amenability to experimental manipulation permits approaches that are not always feasible in multicellular organisms. Analysing the biosynthesis of ...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Davey J,Davis K,Hughes M,Ladds G,Powner D

更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent years, novel functions for a number of nuclear factors have been uncovered in the cytoplasm, mainly at the level of translation. These factors behave as multifunctional regulators of gene expression and many play key roles in cell differentiation and development. One of the best characterized examples is tha...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Gebauer F,Merendino L,Hentze MW,Valcárcel J

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:No abstractCopyright 1997 Academic Press Limited Copyright 1997Academic Press Limited ...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Bard JBI

更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vitamin A and its derivatives, the retinoids, have been implicated as important signaling molecules in vertebrate development, primarily due to numerous gain-of-function experiments involving treatment of embryos with exogenous retinoic acid. Collectively, the results from these experiments suggested that retinoids we...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Blumberg B

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two neurotrophins and their two receptors appear to regulate the survival of vestibular and cochlear neurons in the developing ear. Mice lacking either brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or its associated receptor, Trk B, show a severe reduction in the number of vestibular neurons and a loss of all innervation t...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Fritzsch B,Silos-Santiago I I,Bianchi LM,Fariñas I I

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Embryonic cultured Xenopus spinal neurons generate two types of spontaneous elevation of intracellular calcium that encode developmental information in the frequency with which they are produced. Calcium spikes regulate the appearance of GABA and maturation of potassium current. Calcium waves in growth cones regulate ...

journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology

authors： Spitzer NC,Gu X

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00